PUTTING INOCULATION INTO PRACTICE

　　接种理论引入实践

　　Inoculation is a powerful and versatile form of science communication that can be used in a number of ways. My approach has been to mesh together the findings of inoculation with the cognitive psychology of debunking, developing the Fact-Myth-Fallacy framework.

　　接种理论作为一种功能众多且强大的科学解释，用途十分广泛。本人通过把接种理论的成果和揭露真相的认知心理学联系在一起，发展出一套“事实—迷思—谬误”框架。

　　This strategy involves explaining the facts, followed by introducing a myth related to those facts. At this point, people are presented with two conflicting pieces of information. You reconcile the conflict by explaining the technique that the myth uses to distort the fact.

　　这一策略包括对事实进行解释，然后引入与这些事实有关的迷思。这时，人们会看到两个相互矛盾的信息。通过揭示迷思扭曲事实所采取的方法便可以化解矛盾。

　　Table 1. Denial101x lectures adhering to Fact-Myth-Fallacy structure.

　　表1 遵循“事实—迷思—谬误”框架的“否定事实”入门课

　　Science has, in a moment of frankness, informed us that throwing more science at people isn’t the full answer to science denial. Misinformation is a reality that we can’t afford to ignore–we can’t be in denial about science denial. Rather, we should see it as an educational opportunity. Addressing misconceptions in the classroom is one of the most powerful ways to teach science.

　　科学明白地告诉我们，向人们灌输更多的科学常识并不能完全解决否定科学的问题。我们无法忽视存在假消息的现实，我们不能否认存在否定科学的事实。相反，我们应该把它看成一个教育契机。课堂上阐释误解是教授科学的最有效方法之一。

　　It turns out the key to stopping science denial is to expose people to just a little bit of science denial.

　　事实证明，阻止否定科学的关键是让人们看到一小部分对科学的否定。