The World Health Organization (WHO) unveiled on Monday the first global report on antibiotic consumption for human health, warning particularly against the danger of overuse of antibiotic medicines.

　　世界卫生组织(WHO)周一公布了首份有关抗生素对人类健康的全球报告，特别是警告过度使用抗生素药物的危险。

　　The report, collating data on human consumption of antibiotic medicines from 65 countries and areas, finds wide discrepancies in consumption rates between countries that ranged from about four defined daily doses (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants per day to more than 64 DDD, indicating that some countries are probably overusing antibiotics while others may not have sufficient access to these life-saving medicines.

　　这份报告整理了65个国家和地区的抗生素药物人类消费数据，发现各国之间的消费率存在很大差异，从每1000名居民每天约4个限定日剂量(DDD)到超过64个DDD，表明一些国家可能过度使用抗生素，而另一些国家可能没有足够的渠道获得这些救命药物。

　　In WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, antibiotic medicines have been categorized into three types, including the "Access" category for treatment of common infections; the "Watch" category that should be used with caution because of high potential to cause antimicrobial resistance and/or side-effects; and the "Reserve" category which should only be used as last-resort antibiotics.

　　在世卫组织基本药物示范清单中，抗生素药物被分为三类，包括用于治疗常见感染的“获取”类;应谨慎使用的“观察”类，因为这类药物极有可能引起抗菌素耐药性和(或)副作用;以及“储备”类，应仅用作最后使用的抗生素。

　　The report finds that in 49 countries, the Access category represents more than 50 percent of antibiotic consumption, while the use of the Watch category has ranged from less than 20 percent of total antibiotic consumption in some countries to more than 50 percent in others.

　　报告发现，在49个国家中，获取类别占抗生素消费量的50%以上，而观察类别的使用在一些国家不到抗生素总消费量的20%，而在其他国家则超过50%。

　　As for medicines in the Reserve category, though they account for less than two percent of total antibiotic consumption in most high-income countries, they have not been reported by most low- and middle-income countries, indicating that some countries may not have access to these drugs that are necessary for treatment of complicated multidrug-resistant infections.

　　至于储备类药物，尽管它们占大多数高收入国家抗生素总消费量的不到2%，但大多数中低收入国家都没有报告，这表明一些国家可能无法获得治疗复杂的多药耐药感染所必需的这些药物。

　　According to Suzanne Hill, director of the Department of Essential Medicines and Health Products at WHO, overuse and misuse of antibiotics are the leading causes of antimicrobial resistance.

　　据世界卫生组织基本药物和保健品部主任苏珊娜·希尔说，抗生素的过度使用和滥用是产生抗菌素耐药性的主要原因。

　　Besides overuse of antibiotics, drug-resistant infections can also result from poor access to antimicrobials, the report warns. In many low- and middle-income countries, where high mortality rates from infectious diseases and low rates of use of antibiotics were observed, resistance can occur when people cannot afford a full course of treatment or only have access to substandard or falsified medicines.

　　报告警告说，除了过度使用抗生素外，抗药性感染也可能是由于难以获得抗菌药物造成的。在许多中低收入国家，传染病死亡率很高，抗生素使用率很低，当人们负担不起整个疗程的治疗费用或只能获得不合格或伪造的药品时，就会出现耐药性。

　　The WHO is planning to integrate antimicrobial consumption data into its Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System IT platform to provide reliable data on antibiotic consumption and resistance. It will help countries raise awareness of appropriate antimicrobial use, inform policy and regulatory changes to optimize use, and improve the procurement and supply of medicines.

　　世卫组织正计划将抗菌药物消费数据纳入其全球抗菌药物耐药性监测系统IT平台，以提供关于抗生素消费和耐药性的可靠数据。它将帮助各国提高对适当使用抗菌药物的认识，为政策和监管改革提供信息，以优化使用，并改进药品的采购和供应。