实用口语:英语提问的方式与技巧,你get了吗?
2020-02-25 15:29
来源:新东方英语
作者:沈静
漏斗式提问
漏斗式提问(Funnel questions)往往以宽泛的话题入手,通过一系列问题的设置,使谈话内容逐渐变窄,从而达到探寻近况、盘问细节的效果。请看下面两个运用场景。
运用场景1
假期结束后,同学聚在一块儿难免聊聊假期过得怎样。我们一般会通过漏斗式的提问来了解彼此的近况。
“How was your holiday?”
“What did you see when you were in San Francisco?”
“Were there any good restaurants?”
“Did you try local food?”
“Did you try the lobster?”
运用场景2
侦探想要从目击者那里获取信息,如果直白地询问:“Are there any details you can give me about what you saw?”效果必将大打折扣。而使用漏斗式提问可以帮助目击者再现现场,逐渐聚焦于有用的细节上。请看下面这组对话。
A: How many people did you see in the fight?
B: About 6.
A: Men or women?
B: Mostly men.
A: How old were they?
B: In their 20s.
A: Did they wear anything special?
B: Yeah, three of them had baseball caps on.
A: Can you remember the color of the caps?
B: Red, I am sure
修辞性提问
修辞性提问(rhetorical question)是用反问句来提问。反问是以问题的方式出现,却不需回答,实际功能是为了表明某种看法,从而引发对该问题的进一步讨论。下面列举两组运用场景。
运用实例1
有些英语习惯用语便是修辞性提问,请各位感受以下几句的含义。
“Are you crazy?” (提问者并非对“你是否疯掉了”表示怀疑,而是表达“你真是叫人难以理解”。)
“Who cares?” (并非需要回答“到底是谁关心”,而是表示“不在乎”。)
“Are you kidding me?”(并非询问“你正在开玩笑吗”,而是在表达“你耍我”的不满情绪。)
运用实例2
《狮子王》(The Lion King)有两句经典台词,反映出小狮子Simba与邪恶势力斗争,敢于挑战,勇于承担的王者风范。
“This is my kingdom. If I don’t fight for it, who will?”
“这是我的国土,我不为她而战斗,还会有谁呢?”(潜台词是“我应该为她而战斗” 。)
“Why should I believe you? Everything you ever told me was a lie.”
“我为何要相信你?你所说的一切都是谎话。”(句中问句的潜台词是“我根本就不相信你”。)
《简爱》(Jane Eyre)中Jane的几个修辞性问句,句句表达立场,根本无需回答,充分展示出女主人公强烈的自尊心理。
“Why do you confide in me like this?”
“您为什么对我讲这些?”(潜台词为“您不应该跟我讲这些”。)
“What are you and she to me?”
“您和她(英格拉姆小姐)跟我有什么关系?”(潜台词为“您和她跟我毫无关系”。)
“You think that because I’m poor and plain, I have no feelings?”
“您以为我穷,不好看,就没有感情吗?”(潜台词为“我当然有感情”。)
沟通和交流,不得不练“问”!提问可促进交流,从而获取信息;提问可激发思考,从而解决问题。本文浅析了几个英语常见提问技巧及其背后的思维方式,意在引发各位的关注与思考,从而在交流中问得好、问得妙。