4、同位语从句

　　在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行补充说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。

　　1.用法

　　同位语从句一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。

　　I heard the news that our team had won.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。

　　①可以跟同位语从句的抽象名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word(消息)，possibility等。

　　I’ve come from Mr. Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.

　　我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。

　　②在某些名词表“建议，命令，要求等”(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气 (即should+动词原形;should可省)。

　　There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.

　　有一项建议是布朗应该离队。

　　③同位语从句前名词的数：同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词(word除外)加以修饰。

　　Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪儿听说我不能来?

　　2.连词

　　英语中引导同位语从句的词通有that，whether，连接代词what，who，连接副词how, when, where等。(注：if, which 不能引导同位语从句。)

　　(1)连词that引导同位语从句(注：引导同位语从句的that不能省略)

　　The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.

　　你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。(作idea的同位语)

　　【注意】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略。

　　(2)连词whether引导同位语从句(注：if不能引导同位语从句)

　　The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.

　　我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。

　　He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.

　　他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。

　　(3)其它引导词引导的同位语从句

　　A.连接代词

　　what, who, whom, whose引导同位语从句

　　I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。(what作定语)

　　The question who will take his place is still not clear.(who作主语)

　　B.连接副词

　　when, where, how, why 引导同位语从句

　　We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.

　　到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。

　　l have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。

　　My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.

　　3.分隔式同位语从句

　　有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。

　　The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.

　　他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。

　　Several years later，word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them. 几年以后，有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视察他们。