2. Analysis

　　分析

　　Teachers are always asking you to "dig deep" in your essay, but what does that really mean? Depth is the level at which you analyze the topic you are writing. The deeper you dive into your essay, the more poking and prodding at values, tensions, complexities, and assumptions you will do.

　　老师们总是让你“深入发掘”自己的文章，但这到底是什么意思呢?深度就是你分析文章主题的层次。你对自己文章发掘得越深，你就会发现更多价值观、冲突、复杂性和设想。

　　Good Analysis

　　好的分析

　　The word "analysis" in and of itself implies a certain level of depth. A good analysis will use reasoning and examples that are clear and adequately demonstrate the importance of the topic. Support may be relevant, but it may come across as overly general or simplistic. You will have scratched the surface of the topic, but you will not have explored as many of the complexities as you could have.

　　“分析”一词本身就暗含有一定的深度。好的分析会使用清晰并能论证主题的推理和例子。支持也许是相关的，但也可能会显得过于宽泛或简单化。你可能已经触及到了主题，但你不能像那些复杂的例子一样进行深入探索。

　　Let's take, for example, this question: "Should cyberbullying be stopped by the government?"

　　我们以这个问题为例子：“政府应该杜绝网络暴力吗?”

　　Example: Cyberbullying needs to be stopped in its tracksby the government because of the harm that it causes to the victim. Teenagers who have been bullied online have had to be treated for depression, have felt compelled to change schools, and some have even committed suicide. A person's life is too important not to intervene.

　　例子：政府需要阻止网络暴力的发展，因为它会有导致自杀的危害。遭受网络暴力的会在情绪上感到低落，被迫转学，有些人甚至会自杀。人的生命何其珍贵，故政府应干涉。

　　Great Analysis

　　优秀的分析

　　A great analysis of a topic is a thoughtful critique that demonstrates insight. It critiques assumptions and details not hinted at in just a good analysis. In the example above, the good analysis mentions the harm to a victim of bullying and names three things that could happen to him or her because of it, but doesn't get into other areas that might offer more insight like societal values, governmental control, effects rippling from one generation to the next, for example.

　　优秀的分析是对深入剖析思考后的批评。它对那些没有进行好好分析的设想和细节进行了批评。在上面的例子中，好的分析提到了暴力会导致自杀的危害，并且举出了三件由可能会发生在别人身上的事，但却并没有涉及一些会引发思考的领域，例如社会价值观、政府调控、对下一代人的影响。

　　Example: Although cyberbullying needs to be stopped - the effects are to dire not to intervene - the government cannot be the entity to regulate speech online. The fiscal and personal costs would be staggering. Not only would citizens be forced to give up their First Amendment rights to free speech, they would have to relinquish their rights to privacy, as well. The government would be everywhere,becoming even more of a "big brother" than they are right now. Who would pay for such scrutiny? Citizens would pay with their freedom and their wallets.

　　例子：虽然网络暴力需要被杜绝，它的后果太可怕，需要进行干涉。但政府不能从本质上控制网络发言，那样财政和个人的开销都会十分巨大。不仅公民们的放弃第一修正案所赋予的自由发言权，他们还得放弃隐私权。政府就会变成一个无所不在的“老大哥”。谁会为这些监控买单呢?公民会牺牲掉他们的自由和钱包。