英语词汇辨析:hopefully&thankfully
2016-05-10 11:42
来源:牛津博客
作者:
对于hopefully 和thankfully这两个副词 ,它们作为句子副词使用时仍然存在一些争议,今天我们就一起研究下hopefully 和thankfully的正确使用方法吧~
Hopefully可以用作副词,表示“怀着希望的”,或“但愿”:
She smiled at him hopefully.
她满怀希望地向他微笑。
Hopefully we’ll see you tomorrow.
但愿我明天可以见到你。
Hopefully可以充当句子副词(修饰整个句子的副词,而不是句子的一部分):
Hopefully, I can do everything online.
但愿一切我都能在网上完成。
Thankfully可以用作副词,表示“感激地”,“幸好”:
Thankfully, we didn’t have to wait long.
幸好我们等候的时间不长。
许多人认为hopefully和thankfully作为句子副词的使用方法是错误的。问题出在哪呢?因为不能将这种类型的句子重写为“it is hopeful that”或“it is thankful that”而其他句子副词如“unfortunately” or “clearly”则可以重写为“it is unfortunate that ...” 或者“it is clear that ...”:。
Unfortunately, he missed the train. [i.e. it is unfortunate that he missed the train.]
不走运的是,他错过了火车。
Clearly, they have made mistakes. [i.e. it is clear that they have made mistakes.]
明显的是,他们犯了错误。
Hopefully和thankfully则不然,比如这个例句:
Thankfully, we didn’t have to wait long.
幸好我们等候的时间不长。
不可以重写为:
✗ It is thankful that we didn’t have to wait long.
我们需要换一个单词来表达,比如:
As luck would have it, we didn’t have to wait long.
正是这一区别使得人们认为hopefully和thankfully不能用作句子副词,并且,在语法规则层面,并没有规定这种用法是错误的。
然而,我们应该知道一部分人强烈反对将hopefully和thankfully 作为句子副词使用。介于这一点在一些比较正式的写作中最好避免将其作为句子副词使用,比如写求职信时,以防你的读者正好是这种用法的反对者。
(编辑:何莹莹)