六、观点总结处

　　文章中表达作者对某人或某事物的观点、态度的地方或涉及其他人或组织机构的观点、态度也常受出题者青睐。解题时要留意文中出现的think of, believe, argue, conclude, determine等观点总结词以及doubt, appreciate, hate, against等带有感情色彩的词语。

　　【例6】(3)While extroverts will feel less fear before the ordeal, it does not mean they will necessarily do it better. Some very shy people manage to shine. When I met the British comedian Julian Clary, he was shy and cautious, yet his TV performances are perfect.

　　(4)In fact, personality is not the best predictor of who does it well…

　　(2008年Text D)

　　98. What is the author’s view on personality?

　　[A] Personality is the key to success in public speaking.

　　[B] Extroverts are better public speakers.

　　[C] Introverts have to learn harder to be good speakers.

　　[D] Factors other than personality ensure better performance.

　　【解析】选[D]。观点总结处设题。以上两段都在谈论性格与在公众演讲中表现好坏的关系。其中第(3)段具体谈论了两种性格的人，即extroverts和very shy people;第(4)段首句由in fact引出作者的总结性观点，即性格不是保证较好演讲效果的因素，故[D]为答案。

　　七、转折、对比处

　　转折句或转折关系常常是文章内容的强调之处，是作者表达观点或陈述事实的关键地方。一般而言，作者常常借用转折连词来引出文章或段落的主旨大意。在表示转折关系的词中，however是阅读中引起语义或文义转折的常用连词，命题人常就该词前后的内容进行命题;but和yet出现在段首或一个理论或现象刚刚说完之后，表示语义出现重大转折，其后面的内容常常是句子的重点，也是命题人设题的依据。

　　【例7】When the sun is up in Amsterdam, the largest city in the Netherlands sits quietly on the Amstel River. You can rent a bicycle, visit the Van Gogh or Anne Frank museum, or take a water taxi.

　　But when the sun goes down, the partying begins. In the big clubs and in coffee shops, tourists gather to hang out, talk politics and smoke.(2008年 Text A)

　　81. At the beginning of the passage, the author indicates that .

　　[A] Amsterdam is generally known as a quiet city.

　　[B] parties go on all day long in Amsterdam.

　　[C] Amsterdam presents two different pictures.

　　[D] Amsterdam attracts many daytime visitors.【解析】选[C]。转折、对比处设题。在上述第一段作者首先谈到，当太阳升起时，阿姆斯特丹这座城市“静静地守候在阿姆斯托河上”;接着，第二段又转到另一个方面：但当太阳落下时，聚会就会开始。综合上述两处可知[C]正确。

　　八、人物引言处

　　说明文或者议论文中经常引用他人的观点来支持、佐证作者的观点。引文有可能是从正面来支持作者的观点，也有可能是作者通过驳斥反面观点从而论证自己的观点。因此，引文间接地表达了作者自己的观点，有一定的隐蔽性和迷惑性，所以也是出题考查的热点地区，通常会考查考生的推理能力和对作者态度观点的判断能力。

　　【例8】(5)“We have a huge mismatch between the school calendar and the realities of family life,” says Dr. Ernest Boyer, head of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.(6)Dr. Boyer is one of many who believe that a radical revision of the school calendar is inevitable. “School, whether we like it or not, is educational. It always has been.” (2007年 Text D)

　　98. Why was Dr. Boyer’s idea unpopular?

　　[A] He argues for the role of school in solving social problems.

　　[B] He supports the current school calendar.

　　[C] He thinks that school year and family life should be considered separately.

　　[D] He strongly believes in the educational role of school.

　　【解析】选[D]。人物引言处设题。根据题干中Dr. Boyer’s idea把答案依据定位于第(5)、(6)段。由第五段中Boyer的观点We have a huge mismatch between…可排除[B]、[C]。由School… is educational. It always has been.可知他认同学校的教育作用，故[D]为答案。

　　九、例证处

　　为了使自己的观点更有说服力、更加明确，作者经常用举例子或打比方来论证，句中常由as，such as，for example，for instance，take… as an example等引出的短语或句子作为例证，这些例句或比喻就成为命题者提问的焦点。被设问的例子或比喻往往是与文章或段落中心紧密相关的。另外，对于那些与文章或段落中心关联不明显的例子，可以通过上下文来理解。出现在文章中的任何一个例子，考生都可以在上下文找到一段该例子的总结性文字，解答选择题时要牢牢抓住这部分内容。

　　【例9】…Many (but not all) English dictionaries give you a brief indication of a word’s origins in brackets before or after the explanation of the meaning. For tantalize the following explanation is given: [> Tantalus]. This means that you should look up the name Tantalus to find out the word’s origins, and if you do, you will find out that in Greek mythology, Tantalus was a king who was punished in the lower world with eternal hunger and thirst; he was put up to his chin in water that always moved away when he tried to drink it and with fruit on branches above him placed just a little bit out of his reach. Can you see why his name was changed into a verb meaning “to tease or torment by arousing desire”?(2008年 Text B)

　　87. The example of tantalize is to show _____.

　　[A] how the word came into existence.

　　[B] how Tantalus was punished in the lower world.

　　[C] how all English dictionaries show word origins.

　　[D] how the meaning of the word changed over the years.

　　【解析】例证处设题。该段用tantalize一词举例，谈到了部分字典对于该词来源的注释。其中最后一句为该例子的总结性文字，由此可知这个例子显示了该词是如何形成的，故[A]为答案。考生在解题时如果没能抓住最后总结性的话语，极易被其他项干扰。