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初中英语必考语法:初中被动语态超详细讲解
2020-02-19 14:20
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C.熟练转换
1.将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为:
①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;
②谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”,并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态;
③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时by短语可以省略)。
2.被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前;否定句是在第一个助动词后加not;特殊疑问句的语序为:疑问词+一般疑问句。例如:
① You must throw the broken pottery away at once.
The broken pottery ______ ______ ______ ______ at once.(同义句)
(② Where did they grow vegetables?(改为被动语态)
Where ______ vegetables ______ ?
D.注意特例
将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况:
1.含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时,有两种方法:
①将间接宾语变为主语,直接宾语保持不变;
②将直接宾语变为主语,间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如:
① He told us a story.(变被动语态)
→We were told a story(by him).或:A story was told to us by him.
② Her mother gave her a new pen.(变被动语态)
A new pen ______ ______ ______ her by her mother.
2.短语动词的被动语态:在变为被动语态时,要将短语动词视为一个整体,其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如:
① This dictionary mustn t ______ from the library.
A.take away
B.taken away
C.are taken away
D.be taken away
② She will take good care of the children.(变被动语态)
The children will ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (by her).
(3.含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时,通常将宾语变为被动句的主语,而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意:省略to的不定式作宾补时,不定式符号to必须补上。例如:
Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday.(变被动
He ______ ______ ______ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday.
(4.不定式的被动结构:动词不定式的被动语态为“to be +过去分词”。例如:
The radio says a wild animal zoo is to ______ in our city.
A.be building
B.build
C.be built
D.built
5.以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序:应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语,但仍然放在句子开头。例如:
Who has broken the cup?(改为被动语态)
→By whom has the cup been broken?
E.注意区别
被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别:
1)含义不同:被动语态强调动作,重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成;而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景,叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较:
The window is broken.窗子破了。(系表结构)
The window is broken by him.窗子被他打破了。(被动语态)
2)用法不同:过去分词作表语时可以被 so,very,too等程度副词修饰,而被动语态则不能用so,very,too修饰,而需用much,very much,so much,too much修饰。试比较:
He was very interested in science.他对科学有极大兴趣。(系表结构)
I was so much surprised at the scene that I didn t know what to do.我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊,不知所措。(被动语态)
F.牢记(相关)句型
初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有:
1.be covered with被……覆盖
2.be made of由……制作(发生物理变化)
be made from由……制作(发生化学变化)
be made in由(某地)制造
be made by被(某人)制造
3.be used for被用来……
be used as被当作(作为)……来使用
be used to do sth.被用来做某事
4.It is said that...据说……
It is hoped that...希望……
It is well known that...众所周知……例如:
①—Your coat looks nice.Is it ______ cotton?
—Yes.It s ————Shanghai.
A.made of;made by
B.made of;made in
C.made for;made by
D.made for;made in
② This machine is used ______ the room wet.
A.for keeping
B.as keeping
C.keep
D.to keeping
③ 据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。
______ ______ ______ that ______ ______ is being ______ over the Changjiang River in Nanjing.
七几种特殊的被动语态1.带不定式的被动语态。
The child is sure to be punished for that. 那个孩子肯定会因为那件事受罚的。
2. 带介词的动词短语的被动语态。
Such a thing has never been heard of. 这件事前所未闻。
3. 带副词的动词短语的被动语态。
The radio has just been turned off. 收音机刚刚被关上。
4. 当sell, wash, clean, run, ride, wear, write等动词若有状语well, easily, badly来修饰时,用主动形式表达被动意义。
The pen writes well. 这枝钢笔写字流畅。
The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。