如何将主动语态变成被动语态

　　1、从句子意义上说，就是重新找出“什么事物”是“被完成”的。

　　例1.

　　主动语态：人们说英语。People speak English in many countries.

　　被动语态：英语被说。　English is spoken in many countries..

　　例2.

　　主动语态：我们造这座桥。We built this bridge last year.

　　被动语态：这座桥被建造。This bridge was built last year.

　　2、从语法的角度说，把原句的宾语改成主语。

　　例1.

　　主动语态：小王邀请你(宾语) Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party.

　　被动语态：你(宾语)被邀请。You has been invited to a lunch party by Xiao Wang.

　　例2.

　　主动语态：你不准带走杂志(宾语) You must not take these magazines out of the reading-room.

　　被动语态：杂志(宾语)不准被带走.These magazines must not be taken out of the reading room.

　　例3.

　　主动语态：他们授给他(宾语)一枚奖章(宾语).They gave him a medal for his wonderful work.

　　被动语态：他(宾语)被授予一枚奖章. He was given a medal for his wonderful work.

　　被动语态：一枚奖章(宾语)被授给了他.A medal was given to him for his wonderful work.

　　A．熟记结构

　　被动语态的结构为“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词（p．p）”。被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为：

　　一般现在时：am／is／are＋p．p．

　　一般过去时：was／were＋p．p．

　　一般将来时：shall ／will be ＋p．p．

　　现在完成时：have ／has been ＋p．p．

　　现在进行时：am／is／are＋being＋p．p．

　　过去将来时：should ／would be ＋p．p．

　　含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词＋be＋p．p．例如：

　　① Chinese ______ by the largest number of people．

　　A．speak

　　B．is speaking

　　C．speaks

　　D．is spoken

　　（② The boy ______ to get supper ready after school．

　　A．were told

　　B．is telling

　　C．was told

　　D．tells

　　③ A lot of new roads ______ built in the west of China．

　　A．must

　　B．must be

　　C．has

　　D．have

　　B．明确用法

　　被动语态常用于以下两种情况：

　　1．不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者；

　　2．强调动作的承受者。例如：

　　这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。

　　The tree ______ ______ by that boy．