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初中英语语法:英语特殊句式之There be句型

2019-12-27 13:41

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  今天和大家分享的是英语特殊句式-There be句型,还没有掌握的同学赶快看一下吧!

  there be 句型基本认识

  1、定义:There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。2、结构:(1)There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语.(2) There are +复数名词+地点状语.

  注意事项: there是引导词,在句中不充当任何成分,翻译时也不必译出。句子的主语是某人或某物,谓语动词be要与主语(某人或某物)的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时,谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。如:① There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。② There is a teacher and many students in ourclassroom. 我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。③ There are two boysand a girl under the tree. 树下有两个男孩,一个女孩。

  02、there be 句型考点

  考点一:各种句型转化。

  1、变成否定There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样,在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同:not是副词,no为形容词,nota/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n.。例如: ①There are some pictures on the wall.→There aren't any pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall. ②There is a bike behind the tree. →There isn't a bike behind the tree. =There is no bike behind the tree.

  2、变成一般疑问句There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首,再在句尾加上问号即可。但同时要注意:当肯定句中有some时,要将其改为any(否定变化也一样)。①There is some water on Mars. → Is there any water on Mars? ②There are some fish in the water. →Are there any fish in the water?

  3、特殊疑问句对主语提问:当主语是人的时候,则用who 引导,当主语是物的时候,则用what引导。注意:无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如:①There are many things over there.→What's over there? ②There is a little girl in theroom.→Who is in the room?对地点状语提问:则用where 引导。如:①There is a computer on the desk. → Where is the computer? ②There are four children on the playground. →Where are the four children?对数量提问:般有两种句型结构: How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语? How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语?

  考点二:there be 句型的时态。be可以有现在时(there is/are)过去时(there was/were)将来时(there is/are going to be或there will be)完成时(there have/has been)还可用there must be ,there can’t be, there used to be等。①--There ___ a concert this evening. --Yeah.Exciting news!

  A. are going to be B. is going to be C. is going to have D.will have答案:B

  考点三:there be 句型反意疑问句的构成:be (not) there? 如:There is some milk in the bottle, ____? A.isn't there B.aren't there C.isn't it D.are there答案:A

  考点四:there be 句型的主谓一致:There be 结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致,遵循就近原则。如:1.There___any rice in the bowl.A. are B.is C. isn’t D. aren’t 2.There ___ many apples on the tree last year.A. have been B.were C. are D.is 考点五:there be 句型用的其他动词:there be 句型中有时不用动词be ,而用come , live ,stand , lie,seem to be , happen to be ,等。如:There ____ a knife and a forkon the table. (2007黄冈)A. seems to be B. seem to be C. is seeming to be D. are剖析:根据就近原则,首先排除B、D,而 there be 句型中有时不用动词be ,而用come , live ,stand , lie,seem to be等,所以答案应从A、C中选。感官动词一般不用进行时,故C也不正确。

  注意事项:there be 句型与have句型的区别(1) There be 句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下:There be表示“某处存在某物或某人”;have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”,它表示所有、拥有关系。 如:He has two sons. 他有两个儿子。There are two men in the office. 办公室里有两个男人。(2)当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时,There be 句型与其可互换。如:A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一个星期有七天。

  03、There be 句型其他用法

  1、There be后接表示物的主语时,后面常接不定式作定语,不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义。There is a lot of work to do. 有许多工作要做(工作被做)。

  2、There be后接表示人或动物的主语时,后面长接V-ing形式作定语。There are some children playing downstairs. 几个孩子在楼下玩呢。

  3、与其他词连用,构成复合谓语。如:◆ There may be a heavy rain this afternoon. 今天下午可能有一场大雨。◆ There used to be a cinema here before the war. 战前这里有一个电影院。◆ There happened to be a man walking by. 恰好有一个人从旁经过。

  4、There be结构中的be根据所表达的句意需要,可用live, stand, remain等代替。如:◆ There seems[appears] something the matter with her. 她好像是出了什么事似的。◆ There existed different opinions on this issue. 对这个问题曾有不同看法。◆ There remained just twenty-eight pounds. 只剩28英镑了。

  5、There be结构的反意疑问句应与there be对应,而不是依据主语。如:◆ There is a radio on the table, isn’t there? 桌上有台收音机,是吗?◆ There aren’t any fish in the river, are there? 河里没有鱼,是吧?

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