过去完成时

　　1.表示在过去某一时刻以前已经开始并一直延续到这一时刻、或是在此刻前已经完成的动作。

　　[例句] By the end of last term, we had learned 1,000 English words.

　　2.有些动词 (如： hope, think, expect, mean, intend, suppose, want等)的过去完成时可表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图。

　　[例句] I had hoped to see more of Beijing.

　　动词时态应注意的几点

　　1.瞬间性动词的一般现在时和现在进行时常用来表示将来的动作。例句：

　　①The film begins in a minute.

　　②My uncle is leaving tomorrow morning.

　　2.在时间、条件、让步状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例句：

　　①Every time I listen to that song, I’ll think of my old friend.

　　②If you do that, I shall be very pleased.

　　③They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed.

　　3.一般过去时和现在完成时的区别：一般过去时和现在完成时都表示过去所发生的动作，但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的影响、结果等，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用;一般过去时只表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系,因而它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：

　　—Have you finished your work?

　　—Yes, I have.

　　—When did you finish it?

　　—I finished it last summer.

　　◆直接引语与间接引语转换时应注意的几个问题：

　　1.人称的变化

　　2.时态的变化

　　3.时间状语的变化

　　4.地点状语的变化

　　例句：

　　①Xiao Yi said, “I want to go to the park this afternoon.”

　　→Xiao Yi said (that) he wanted to go to the park that afternoon.

　　②Bob said, “We’ll have a meeting here tomorrow morning.”

　　→Bob said (that) they would have a meeting there the next morning.

　　◆定语从句中关系代词只能用that和不能用that的几种情况：

　　只能用that的情况

　　1. 先行词是不定代词。

　　例句：Please tell me everything that happened to you.

　　2.先行词被形容词最高级、序数词或only, last, same, very等修饰。

　　例句： ①This is the most interesting movie that I have ever seen.

　　②This is the only book that I read during the summer holiday.