Physician (tie)

　　内科医生

　　This is a catch-all term for doctors of all varieties. Some physicians are internists whose work focuses on specific organ systems, including the liver, digestive tract or kidneys. For example, cardiologists are experts in heart health, while dermatologists focus on the skin. Other physicians work in family medicine, advising on common conditions such as minor injuries and infections and providing annual checkups. No matter their specialty, physicians may prescribe medicine, order and interpret tests and provide advice.

　　这是一个包罗万象的术语，适用于各种各样的医生。有些内科医生是内科医生，他们的工作重点是特定的器官系统，包括肝脏、消化道或肾脏。例如，心脏病专家是心脏健康方面的专家，而皮肤科医生则专注于皮肤。其他医生则从事家庭医学工作，为轻微受伤和感染等常见情况提供咨询，并提供年度体检。无论他们的专业是什么，医生都可以开药、安排和解释检查并提供建议。

　　Nurse Practitioner

　　执业护师

　　In most states, these advanced nurses can perform many duties associated with doctors, including diagnosing disease, prescribing medicine, requesting medical tests and referring patients to specialists. Nurse practitioners may work with specific sets of patients, such as people with mental illness, children or older adults.

　　在大多数州，这些高级护士可以履行与医生有关的许多职责，包括诊断疾病、开药、要求进行医学检查和将病人介绍给专家。护士从业人员可能与特定的患者群体合作，如精神疾病患者、儿童或老年人。

　　After completing college, nurse practitioners must earn master' s degrees and licenses. They work in hospitals, outpatient centers and doctors' offices.

　　在完成大学学业之后，执业护士必须获得硕士学位和执照。他们在医院、门诊中心和医生的办公室等地工作。

　　Orthodontist (tie)

　　整牙医生

　　Orthodontists specialize in shifting crooked teeth and correcting misaligned bites. Tools of their trade include braces, retainers and spacers.

　　正畸医师的专长是移动弯曲的牙齿和矫正错位的咬合。他们所使用的工具包括支架、固定器和垫片。

　　The path to the orthodontist chair passes through many educational institutions. After graduating from college, these professionals must complete dental school (another four years) and then a specialized orthodontist program (another three years). Then they need to earn state licenses. The payoff for all that work? High salaries and above-average work-life balance.

　　通往正畸牙医的道路要经过许多教育机构。从大学毕业后，这些专业人员必须完成牙科学校(另一个四年)，以及一个专业的正畸医生计划(另一个三年)。在那之后，他们还需要获得州执照。所有这些工作的回报是什么?高工资和高于平均水平的工作与生活平衡性。

　　Dentist

　　牙医

　　Treating medical problems that arise in the mouth is the specialty of dental doctors. They use X-rays, exams and tools like drills to diagnose and care for issues such as cavities and gum disease.

　　治疗口腔疾病是牙科医生的专长。他们使用x射线、检查和钻头等工具来诊断和治疗蛀牙和牙龈疾病等问题。

　　These oral health care experts earn college degrees, then attend specialized graduate programs. They may work with other dentists or run their own practices while collaborating with dental hygienists.

　　这些口腔保健专家需要获得大学学位，然后参加专业的研究生课程。他们可能与其他牙医合作，或者在与牙科保健师合作的同时经营自己的业务。

　　Statistician

　　统计师

　　When businesses and government agencies need help making sophisticated decisions and solving complicated problems, they turn to statisticians. These math whizzes gather data, then use theories, models and specialized software to predict outcomes.

　　当企业和政府机构需要帮助做出复杂的决策和解决复杂的问题时，他们会求助于统计学家。这些数学奇才们首先收集一定的数据，然后使用理论、模型和专业软件来预测结果。

　　College degrees and master' s degrees are typical for statisticians, often in subjects such as mathematics, economics or computer science. They may specialize in fields like engineering or physics.

　　一般来说，统计学家们需要获得本科和硕士学位，通常涉及数学、经济学或计算机科学等学科。他们可能专攻工程或物理等领域。

　　Software Developer

　　软件开发人员

　　For the second year in a row, software developer tops this list. That's thanks to how integral digital technology has become to our personal and professional lives. Software developers pay attention to both aesthetics and function as they create and fix applications and programs for computers and smartphones.

　　软件开发人员已经连续第二年位居该榜单的榜首。这要感谢数字技术如何融入我们的个人和职业生活。软件开发人员在为计算机和智能手机创建和修复应用程序和程序时，既注重美观又注重功能。

　　Software developers typically have college degrees in computer science or a related discipline. Employment opportunities in the field are soaring; they' re expected to increase by more than 30 percent by 2026.

　　软件开发人员通常拥有计算机科学或相关学科的大学学位。该领域的就业机会正在飙升;预计到2026年，这一数字将增长30%以上。