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初中英语知识点总结:谓语动词和主语的一致

2018-07-17 16:28

来源:新东方网整理

作者:

  新东方网小编给各位初三考生整理了各学科的复习攻略,本文是初中初中英语知识点总结:初中英语知识点总结:谓语动词和主语的一致,帮助各位考生梳理知识脉络,理清做题思路,希望各位考生可以在考试中取得优异成绩!

  谓语动词和主语的一致

  有些谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,特别是动词为现在时态时。在一般现在时中,若主语为第三人称单数,多数动词都要加-s或-es,如:He comes.Mary cries。如果主语不是第三人称单数,就不需加这样的词尾,如:I come.

  They cry.而且,不管是作主要动词还是助动词,在第三人称单数的主语后都得用is,has,does这种形式,否则用are,am,have或do。至于can,may,must这些助动词,在各种人称后形式不变:

  He(or She,It,My friend)comes(or sees,goes).

  He(or She,It,My friend)is waiting,has come,does go,(is,has,does作助动词) is kind,has a funny face,doesnothing at all.(is,has,does作主要动词)

  I(or we,You,They,My friends)come(or see,go).

  I am waiting,have come,do go.We(or You,They,Myfriends)are waiting,have come,do go.(am,are,have,do作助动词)

  I am sorry.They are kind,have funny faces,do nothingat all.(am,are,have,do作主要动词)

  任何主语+must(or can,may,ought to,need not,darenot)come(or see,go).

  过去时可和住何主语一起用,只有was和were是例外。was和第一第三人称单数主语一起用,其他主语都和were一起用,如:

  He was ill.I was ill.They were ill.

  在将来时中主要是用shall或will,不需加词尾,如:

  They(or John and Mary) will come,shall come.

  He(or It) will come,shall come.

  判断主语的人称不难,但判断它的数有时却并不容易。至少有39种有关数上一致的问题,它们可以分为两大类。

  第一大类是哪个是主语的问题。在这类中,决定哪个词或词组是主语比决定某个主语是单数还是复数更困难。以下面句子为例:

  The students,as well as the teacher,are(or is?)in the class-room.(在决定用are还是is以前,首先得决定students和teacher哪是主语,还是两者都是主语。)

  My guide is(or are?) the stars.(是guide还是stars是真正的主语?)

  第二大类是主语是单数还是复数的问题。在这类中,决定主语是单数还是复数比决定哪个是主语更困难:

  Billiards(单数还是复数?) is(or are?)my favorite game.

  The phenomena(单数还是复数?) is(or are?) unbelievable.

  The headquarters(单数还是复数?) is(or are?)in London.

  1)第一大类:哪个是主语?

  谓语动词通常跟在主语后面,但有时却放在主语前面,特别是在由who,which,how,when等疑问词或助动词引起的问句中:

  Who are they?

  Which does she like best?

  Has your wife come back from Paris?

  Are the guests celebrating her birthday?

  在某些倒装句中,谓语动词有时放在主语前面:

  If you are not satisfied,nor is Peter.

  Never in my life have I forgot her.Nobody else can I love.

  Hardly has Liz woken up when the sun rises.

  “I feel bored.”“So is evrybody.”

  在下面这类倒装句中情况也如此。

  There come many children.

  Before the house stands a tree.

  Before the house stand a tree and a bench(two things).

  In the house there is a cat,(there is)a dog,and(thereare)three birds.(后面的there is,there are多省略,在acat前用is是对的。)

  To Dick fall the duties of maintaining the family.

  After Jan comes Nora.

  Here's all the coins I have.(在口语中here's和there's和where's后可跟一复数名词)

  There's three friends waiting for me.

  Where's the kids that stole the apples?

  在下面这类句子中,补语或分词提前,主语在is,was,are,were之后:

  Gone are all my happy days!

  Waiting for the results are thousands of people.Gathered under the roof were all the big shots.

  两个单数名词由and连接可构成复数主语:

  John and Mary(=Two persons)are coming.

  (但:John is coming and Mary is coming,too.)

  My money and my friend are both gone.

  Good coffee and bad are different from each other.

  两个人称代词由and连接也构成复数主语:

  He and I (=We)are friends.

  Both you and he(=Both of you)are ill.

  由every,any等词修饰的几个主语,尽管由and连接,仍然保持是单数:

  Every boy and every girl is playing.

  Any relative,any friend and any neighbour is ready to helphim.

  Each grown-up and each child likes it.

  No city,no village,no mountain,(and) no sea is a place ofsafety.

  Many a man and many a woman has seen the accident.

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