初中英语知识点总结:谓语动词和主语的一致
2018-07-17 16:28
来源:新东方网整理
作者:
新东方网小编给各位初三考生整理了各学科的复习攻略,本文是初中初中英语知识点总结:初中英语知识点总结:谓语动词和主语的一致,帮助各位考生梳理知识脉络,理清做题思路,希望各位考生可以在考试中取得优异成绩!
谓语动词和主语的一致
有些谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,特别是动词为现在时态时。在一般现在时中,若主语为第三人称单数,多数动词都要加-s或-es,如:He comes.Mary cries。如果主语不是第三人称单数,就不需加这样的词尾,如:I come.
They cry.而且,不管是作主要动词还是助动词,在第三人称单数的主语后都得用is,has,does这种形式,否则用are,am,have或do。至于can,may,must这些助动词,在各种人称后形式不变:
He(or She,It,My friend)comes(or sees,goes).
He(or She,It,My friend)is waiting,has come,does go,(is,has,does作助动词) is kind,has a funny face,doesnothing at all.(is,has,does作主要动词)
I(or we,You,They,My friends)come(or see,go).
I am waiting,have come,do go.We(or You,They,Myfriends)are waiting,have come,do go.(am,are,have,do作助动词)
I am sorry.They are kind,have funny faces,do nothingat all.(am,are,have,do作主要动词)
任何主语+must(or can,may,ought to,need not,darenot)come(or see,go).
过去时可和住何主语一起用,只有was和were是例外。was和第一第三人称单数主语一起用,其他主语都和were一起用,如:
He was ill.I was ill.They were ill.
在将来时中主要是用shall或will,不需加词尾,如:
They(or John and Mary) will come,shall come.
He(or It) will come,shall come.
判断主语的人称不难,但判断它的数有时却并不容易。至少有39种有关数上一致的问题,它们可以分为两大类。
第一大类是哪个是主语的问题。在这类中,决定哪个词或词组是主语比决定某个主语是单数还是复数更困难。以下面句子为例:
The students,as well as the teacher,are(or is?)in the class-room.(在决定用are还是is以前,首先得决定students和teacher哪是主语,还是两者都是主语。)
My guide is(or are?) the stars.(是guide还是stars是真正的主语?)
第二大类是主语是单数还是复数的问题。在这类中,决定主语是单数还是复数比决定哪个是主语更困难:
Billiards(单数还是复数?) is(or are?)my favorite game.
The phenomena(单数还是复数?) is(or are?) unbelievable.
The headquarters(单数还是复数?) is(or are?)in London.
1)第一大类:哪个是主语?
谓语动词通常跟在主语后面,但有时却放在主语前面,特别是在由who,which,how,when等疑问词或助动词引起的问句中:
Who are they?
Which does she like best?
Has your wife come back from Paris?
Are the guests celebrating her birthday?
在某些倒装句中,谓语动词有时放在主语前面:
If you are not satisfied,nor is Peter.
Never in my life have I forgot her.Nobody else can I love.
Hardly has Liz woken up when the sun rises.
“I feel bored.”“So is evrybody.”
在下面这类倒装句中情况也如此。
There come many children.
Before the house stands a tree.
Before the house stand a tree and a bench(two things).
In the house there is a cat,(there is)a dog,and(thereare)three birds.(后面的there is,there are多省略,在acat前用is是对的。)
To Dick fall the duties of maintaining the family.
After Jan comes Nora.
Here's all the coins I have.(在口语中here's和there's和where's后可跟一复数名词)
There's three friends waiting for me.
Where's the kids that stole the apples?
在下面这类句子中,补语或分词提前,主语在is,was,are,were之后:
Gone are all my happy days!
Waiting for the results are thousands of people.Gathered under the roof were all the big shots.
两个单数名词由and连接可构成复数主语:
John and Mary(=Two persons)are coming.
(但:John is coming and Mary is coming,too.)
My money and my friend are both gone.
Good coffee and bad are different from each other.
两个人称代词由and连接也构成复数主语:
He and I (=We)are friends.
Both you and he(=Both of you)are ill.
由every,any等词修饰的几个主语,尽管由and连接,仍然保持是单数:
Every boy and every girl is playing.
Any relative,any friend and any neighbour is ready to helphim.
Each grown-up and each child likes it.
No city,no village,no mountain,(and) no sea is a place ofsafety.
Many a man and many a woman has seen the accident.