During your first years in the workforce, you can expect to have a huge learning curve – not just about the details of your job, but about broader issues of how to manage your career and operate successfully in an office. How do you deal with difficult co-workers? Figure out if you're paid fairly? Understand what HR's convoluted memos mean?

　　当你还是职场小白时，一定有许多需要学习之处。你不仅要学习本职工作的点滴细节，还要把目光放宽放广，比如学会如何管理职业生涯并胜任工作，如何与不合群的同事相处，打听工资是否合理，读懂人力资源上司晦涩难懂的暗示。

　　You'll keep mastering work skills throughout your career, but here are 10 key things that you should make sure you know about work by the time you're 30.

　　你将在职业生涯中不断掌握工作技能，但请确保你在30岁时领会了以下10条宝贵的工作建议。

　　How to talk to people much more senior than you. It's pretty common to be intimidated by company higher-ups or industry experts when you're just starting out in your career. But if you let yourself stay intimidated, it will keep you from forming relationships and gaining visibility with decision-makers, and that can hold you back professionally. Don't be shy about chatting with higher-ups or sharing your ideas when appropriate. The more you act like a colleague (which you are), the more you'll be seen that way.

　　如何与上级交谈?

　　初入职场时，被公司上级或行业专家的气场所震慑是再正常不过的事。但如果你只是任凭自己被震慑而不敢向前，那么你将失去和决策者们建立人际关系、并在他们面前刷存在感的机会，而这无疑会阻碍的你的事业发展。大胆一些，在合适的情况下不要害怕与上级交谈或分享你的想法。你的举止越是像同事(其实你的确是)，上级就越能同样看待你。

　　How to respond to critical feedback. Being able to listen to feedback about your work with an open mind is enormously important, because feedback is one of the most direct ways to get better at what you do. If you respond defensively or shut down, you'll prevent yourself from hearing important information, lose points with your boss and maybe even make it less likely that you'll hear information that could help you in the future. Instead, listen with an open mind and respond with something like, "This is really useful to hear," or "I appreciate you sharing this with me." If you can't stomach those, try, "I want to take some time to think about this, but I appreciate you telling me."

　　如何回应批判性反馈?

　　怀着虚心的态度聆听别人对你的工作反馈十分重要，因为反馈是让你在工作中不断进步的最直接途径之一。如果你消极回应或直接拒绝回应，你将丢失重要信息，在上司那里失分，甚至也更不可能获得今后对你大有裨益的信息。所以反之，你需要带着虚心的态度聆听，以类似“听君一席话，胜读十年书”或“很感谢你的反馈”这样的言辞作为回应。如果一时接受不了这些反馈，试着告诉对方“给我一点时间思考这个问题，还是很感谢你的反馈。”

　　How to negotiate salary when you get a job offer. People sometimes worry that they have to lay out an air-tight case when asking for more money, but it doesn't always have to be a long speech with evidence about your worth. More often than not, you can simply say "I was hoping you could go up to X amount. Is that possible?" or "Do you have any flexibility on the salary? I was hoping for X."

　　得到工作机会时如何协商薪资?

　　许多时候人们总是担心在要求加薪时得策划一份缜密的方案，但你真没必要对自己的价值大摆事实发表长篇大论。通常情况下，你只需要说“我希望您能把我的工资涨到X，这样可以吗?”或是“工资还有协商的余地吗?我的理想工资是X。”

　　How to figure out the market rate for your work. This can include asking other people in your field for their opinion, checking with professional organizations in your industry, looking at similar positions on online job boards to see if salary ranges are listed and talking to recruiters in your field – always making sure that you're factoring in your geographic area, which can have a big impact on the numbers.

　　如何弄清自己工作薪资的市场行情?

　　具体方式包括：询问其他从事该领域工作人员的意见，咨询行业内专业组织，在网上求职平台查找类似职位的薪资区间，和该领域招聘人员交谈。你要确保以自身所处地理位置为前提，这会对该职位薪资的市场行情有重要影响。

　　How to run a meeting. If you lose control of your meetings, let conversation spiral in any direction and don't start or finish on time, people will quickly begin dreading attending any meetings you're running. Instead, always have an agenda, be clear about what outcomes you're aiming for, be willing to redirect the conversation when needed, take your starting and ending times seriously and make sure everyone is clear on next steps before you wrap up. People will be far less likely to "miss seeing" your meeting invites when you do this.

　　如何主持会议?

　　如果你无法掌控自己主持的会议，放任谈话内容朝四面八方飞散，召开和结束会议的时间都不准时，那么你的同事很快就不再会出席任何你主持的会议了。相反，你需要备有议程表，清楚会议应该取得的成果，在需要时主动把话题引回正轨，按时召开并结束会议，确保会议圆满结束之前每个参与者都清楚下一步行动。如果你能做到这些，同事们就不大可能在你的会议上“缺席”了。

（编辑：何莹莹）