【重点句型】

       1.— Have you read little Women yet? 你读过《小妇人》吗? — Yes,I have. /No,I haven't. 是的，我读过。/ 不，我没有。

       2. — Has Tina read Treasure Island yet? 蒂娜读过《金银岛》这本书吗? — Yes, she has. She thinks i t 's fantastic. 是的，她读过。她觉得它很棒。

       3. Would you like something to drink? 你要来点喝的吗?

       4. I heard you lost your key. 我听说你丢钥匙了。

       5.She came to realize how much she actually missed all of them. 她开始意识到，事实上她是多么想念他们所有的人。

　　【语法讲解】现在完成时 (Present Perfect Tense)

　　(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。—It’s so dark. 太黑了。—Someone has turned off the light. 有人把灯关上了。

      (2)表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与since+过去的时间点，for+一段时间，since+时间段+ego, so far等时间状语连用。Eg. I have lived here for ten years.我已经住在这里10年了。(从10年前开始，持续到现在还住这儿)Eg. I have lived here since 2003. 自从2003年我就住在这儿。(从2003年开始，持续到现在还住这儿)

       (3) 基本结构及句型转换：主语+have/has+过去分词(done) (当主语是第三人称单数has,其余人称用have。)

        ①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 I have finished my homework. (肯定句)

        ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他 I have not finished my homework. (否定句)

        ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他—Have you finished your homework?—Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t, (一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答)

       (4)has gone (to), has been (to), has been (in) 的区别

        Ø Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)

        Eg. ---Where is your father?---He has gone to Shanghai.

        Ø Have/Has been (to) :去过(已不在去过的地方)

        Eg. My father has been to Shanghai.

        Ø Have/has been in：呆了多久(还在所呆的地方)

        Eg. My father has been in Shanghai for two months. =My father has been in Shanghai since two months ago.

       (5)现在完成时的标志：

        ①常与just, already, yet, ever, never, before, so far 等连用，强调动作的完成，不强调动作的持续。Have you ever been to Japan? I have just finished my homework.

        ②for + 时间段;since + 过去的时间点;since + 段时间 ago;since + 一般过去时的句子。They have known each other for five years. Since he was a child, he has lived in England.

        (6)动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则变化：

         1. 一般在动词词尾直接加ed。如：pick → picked → picked; wish → wished → wished; stay → stayed → stayed

         2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。如：like → liked → liked; hope → hoped → hoped; phone → phoned → phoned

         3. 以―辅音字母 + y‖结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。如：study → studied → studied; hurry → hurried → hurried; reply → replied → replied

         4. 词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，要双写辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop → stopped → stopped; clap → clapped → clapped不规则变化：

         5. 以不变应万变。如：let → let → let; put → put → put; read → read → read

         6. 若中间有双写e，则去掉一个e，单词末尾再加t。如：feel → felt → felt; keep → kept → kept; sleep → slept → slept

         7. 结尾的字母d变t。如：lend → lent → lent; build → built → built; send → sent → sent8. 变为以-ought或-aught结尾。如：buy → bought → bought;bring → brought → brought; catch → caught → caught; teach → taught → taught