英语语法资料:英语并列连词用法大集合
2019-11-20 15:03
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or,or else与otherwise或,或者,否则Is Li Ming from Beijing or from Shanghai.李明是北京人还是上海人呢?I must work hard, or I’ll fail in the exam.我必须努力学习,否则我会考试不及格的。
基本用法or表示“~或”的意思,使用于两者之中选择一个的时候。Would you like coffee or tea?你喜欢咖啡还是茶?Tom or I am right.我或者汤姆是对的。Li Ming or his classmates are cleaning the room.李明或者是他的同班同学在打扫房间。注意“A or B”作主语时,谓语动词随or后面的词(B)而定,因此例子中的谓语动词服从I,用am。
特别用法句型:祈使句, or…=If you don't…, you'll…同and一样,or在祈使句中的用法,译成“请…,否则…”,有转折的意思。Hurry up,or you'll miss the bus.快点吧,否则你就会误了公共汽车。=If you don't hurry up,you'll miss the bus.如果你不快点,你就会误了这班车。Study hard,or you'll fail in the exam.好好学吧,否则你考试就会不及格。=If you don't study hard,you'll fail in the exam.如果你不努力学习,你考试就会不及格。注意or疑问句的读法or前面的部分用升调,后面的部分用降调。
but:但是,可是,而He is old, but he looks very young.他老了,但他看起来很年轻。Li Li likes violin but doesn't like piano.李莉喜欢小提琴,(但是)不喜欢钢琴。(but 后面省略了主语Li Li,因为与前面的主语成分相同)Mary likes violin, but Tom doesn't.玛丽喜欢小提琴,而汤姆不喜欢。(doesn't后面省略了like violin,因为与前面的成分相同)He isn't a teacher but a doctor.他不是(一个)老师,而是医生。They came here not for money but for the life.他们到这儿来,不是要钱,而是要命。注意but所连接的句子,句中如果某些成分与前面相同,则可以省略。
so, forIt began to rain,so we had to stay here.开始下雨了,我们不得不呆在这儿了。
so:所以,因此,于是My teacher asked me to go, so I went.我们老师让我去,因此我就去了。比较so除了作连词外,也可以作副词。I hope you can pass the exam.我希望你能通过考试。I hope so.我也希望。Don't walk so fast.别走得太快。
for:因为I soon went to sleep, for I was tired.我很快就入睡了,因为我太累了。The sun has risen,for the birds are singing.太阳升起来了,小鸟在唱歌。比较for是并列连词,不能置于含有两个并列分句的句子的句首,只能将其放在两个分句之间。for和be cause for也可译为“因为”,但是它没有什么因果关系,不像because那样,而for只是说明解释而已。
both…and:和,既……也……He can play both the violin and the piano.他既会拉小提琴,又会弹钢琴。
both…and…构成的词组作为主语时,谓语动词用复数。Both Li Ming and Li Li are good students.(Li Ming和Li Li都是人,所以两者对等)李明和李莉都是好学生。注意在both…and…句型中,and连接的词或词组要对等。
both…and的否定句表示部分否定。He can't play both the violin and the piano.他会拉小提琴或者会弹钢琴。(不全会)Both Li Ming and Li Li are not good students.明和李莉不都是好学生。(其中一个是好学生)
either…or,neither…norI want to visit either Tianjing or Shanghai.我想参观天津或者上海。I like neither English nor Chinese.中文和英文我全不喜欢。
either…or:或……或……;不是……就是……either…or…构成的词组作为主语时,谓语动词随其邻近的词,即or后面的词而定。Either you or he is right.不是你,就是他是对的。此句型的否定句是全否定。Either you or he isn't right.你和他都不对。I don't want to visit either Tianjing or Shanghai.天津和上海我都不想参观。
neither…nor:既不……也不……当此词组担任主语时,谓语动词的用法和either…or的用法一样,由nor后面的词而定。Neither you nor I am right.你和我都不对。
此句型本身是全否定,因此不能再用否定式,即不能再加not。(×)Neither You nor I am not right.
比较both …and ,either…or ,neither …nor 这三个句型的相互关系如下:肯定句:I like both A and B.我喜欢A和B。I like both coffee and tea.我喜欢咖啡和茶。(茶和咖啡我都喜欢)否定句:I don't like both A and B. =I like either A or B.我不喜欢A 或B。I like either coffee or tea .咖啡和茶,我喜欢一样儿。=I don't like both coffee and tea .I don't like either A or B .=I like neither A nor B.A和B 我都不喜欢。咖啡和茶,我都不喜欢。I like neither coffee nor tea .I don't like either coffee or tea .
not only….but also….与as well as 不但……而且(1)Not only you but also your father is coming.不但你,而且你父亲也要来。(2)Jane is not only beautiful but also kind.珍妮不但漂亮,而且人非常好。(3)They visited some factories, hospitals as well as the school.他们参观了这所学校,还参观了工厂和医院。
基本用法not only…but also担任主语时,此句型的谓语动词随 but also后面的部分而定,另外not only…but also连接对等的词或词组;例:you(你)和 your father(你父亲)都是人。beautiful(美的)和kind(亲切、慈祥)都是形容词。
该句型可以和“as well as”互换,但注意汉语翻译。Your father as well as you is coming.不但你,而且你父亲也要来。注意as well as的句子谓语动词随它前面的词“Your father”而定,所以用is coming.Jane is kind as well as beautiful.珍妮不但漂亮,而且为人很好。
not…but….不是….而是….,not和but后面用的词要遵循一致原则Not money but wisdom is what we want.不是金钱,而是智慧,才是我们想要的。They were not the bones of an animal, but(the bones)of a human being.它们不是动物的骨头,而是人类的骨头。
however然而,但是Our task is hard, however, we should work to the end.我们的任务是艰巨的,但是,我们应该工作到最后。
but 与 however的用法区别两者均可表示转折或对比,意为“但是”、“可是”、“然而”等,但有区别:
1. 表示转折时,but 是连词。He is young but very experienced. 他虽年轻,但经验很丰富。He has three daughters but no sons. 他有3 个女儿,但没有儿子。He likes sports, but his wife likes music. 他喜欢运动,而他妻子则喜欢音乐。
2. however 表示“然而”、“可是”时,有的词书认为它是连词,有的词书认为它是副词。之所以将其视为副词,也许是因为像许多副词一样不仅能位于句首,而且能位于句中(注意前后使用逗号),甚至句末(注意其前也用逗号)。Later, however, he changed his mind. 可是他后来改变了主意。He hasn’t arrived. He may, however, come later. 他还没有到,不过他等会儿可能会来。He said that it was so; he was mistaken, however. 他说情况如此,可是他错了。注意:以上各例中的 however 不能换成 but,但可用 but 来改写。He said that it was so, but he was mistaken. 他说情况如此,可他错了。
3. 当连接两个句子时,其前通常应用分号,或另起新句。It’s raining hard. However, I think we should go out. 雨下得很大,但我想我们还得出去。注意:上例中的 however 不能换成 but,但可用 but 来改写 (注意所用标点的变化)。It’s raining hard, but I think we should go out.