初中英语必考语法:状语从句
2019-11-15 12:13
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二、while 的用法
相比于when 来说,while 从句的侧重点就不一样了。while 从句的侧重点在于描述动作正在发生的状态,它的意思是:当while 事件正在发生的时候,另一件事如何如何。所以,while 从句一般用的是正在进行时。而另一件事的状态没有硬性的要求,根据具体情况而定。1. While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.当妻子正在看报纸的时候,我正在看电视。2. While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him.正当吉姆修自行车时,林涛来看他。3. While they were talking, the bell rang.正在他们谈话的时候,上课铃响了。4. You can’t do your homework while you’re watching TV.你不能一边看电视一边做家庭作业。5. While John was sitting biting his nails, I was working out a plan to get us home. 约翰坐在那里咬指甲时,我正在制定一个回家的计划。从时间的角度来看,while 表示的是一段时间,是一个过程。这是while 的侧重点。因此,如果含有“一段时间”的含义的时候,就可以用while。6. Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。这句话中,是说趁着铁是热的这段时间,赶紧打铁。如果换成 when 意思就变了,相当于说铁只热了一下,打一下,然后铁就冷了。这显然不符合文意。I'm going to the post office.While you're there, can you get me some stamps?
三、as 的用法
as 从句表示的也是一件事情正在发生,另一件事也正在进行当中。但与 while 从句不同的是,as 从句用的一般不用正在进行时,而只是一般过去时。as 从句一般可以翻译成“边……边……”。1. As my mother sang those old songs, tears ran down her cheeks.当我妈妈唱起那些老歌时,眼泪顺着她的脸颊流了下来。2. The students took notes as they listened. 学生们边听课边做笔记。3. As we talked on, he got more and more excited.我们继续往下谈的时候,他越来越兴奋。4. The little girls sang as they went. 小姑娘们一边走,一边唱。as 表达的事件,往往只是主句动作发生的背景或条件时,as 只是一个次要的时间说明,不像while 从句有强调 while 动作本身的意思。因此,as 常常翻译成“随着……”之意。1. As the time went on,the weather got worse.随着时间的推移,气候更加糟糕。2. The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases.随着高度的增加,大气越来越稀薄。3. As years go by,China is getting stronger and richer.随着时间一年一年过去,中国变得越来越富强了。
when, while, as 的互换
如果从句动作和主句动作同时发生,并且从句动作为延续性动词时,when,while,as 可以互换使用。1. When /While /As we were dancing, a stranger came in.当我们跳舞时,一位陌生人走了进来。 (dance 为延续性动词)2. When /While /As she was making a phone call, I was writing a letter.当她在打电话时,我正在写信。[make为延续性动词]3. While/When/ As I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the bank.我顺着马路往前走时,发现银行门前停着一辆警车。
比较while, when, as
1)as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.我刹车后,有一个人向我走来。2)当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前,只能用when 引导这个从句,不可用as 或 while。When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.干完活后,你可以休息一下。3)从句表示“随时间推移”连词能用as,不用when 或while。As the day went on, the weather got worse.日子一天天过去,天气越变越坏。
before和after引导的时间状语从句
1.before是主句动作发生在从句的前面。注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语,并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后,有时译成“就,才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时,从句总是用现在时;如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时,则主句动词多用过去完成时,这样以便体现动作发生的先后。
2.After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。It will be four days before they come back.他们要过四天才能回来。Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。They had not been married four months before they were divorced.他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了。After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后,告诉我你是怎样决定的。After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后,我们回家了。(从句用过去完成时,主句用一般过去时)