初中英语语法:现在完成时(讲解+练习)
2019-10-29 10:19
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3. 现在完成时态经常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如:often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,on several occasion等Have you ever been to Beijing?你以前去过北京吗?I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.我从来没有听到Bunny说她的坏话。I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.这支钢笔我只用过三次。它仍然是好的。George has met that gentleman on several occasions.乔治已经在好几个场合见过那个先生几次。
4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用如:now,up to these few days/weeks/months/years,this morning/week/month/year,just,today,up to present,so far等:Peter has written six papers so far.彼得写了六篇论文,到目前为止。Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.人们现在已经学会了从原子核中释放能量。There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.今年以来旧金山雨水太多。The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years.我们两国之间的友好合作关系在近几年得到了提高。Up to the present everything has been successful.到现在为止一切都是成功的。
5.现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作。即表示从过去某个时间直到现在的这个时间范围内不断重复发生的动作或情况,并且这个不断重复的动作有可能继续下去,也有可能到现在就结束。How often have you seen her?你隔多久见她一次?My father has always gone to work by bike.我父亲一向骑车上班。
6.现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束。He has turned the light off .他已把灯关了。现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续,因此,该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如:already,yet,before,recently等)、频度时间状语(如:never,ever等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如:this morning / month /year...,today等)连用。Have you found your pen?你已找到你的钢笔了吗?
7.现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去。He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。)I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于5年前,一直延续至今,有可能还要继续下去。)此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导),或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如:up to now,so far)等。I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。
注意:(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词,不可用于终止性动词,即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如:come,go,arrive,leave,join,become,die等。
8.现在完成时常和短语 "up to now /till now","so far" (意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延续到现在)连用。Up to/till now he's read many story books.至今他已读过好多故事书。I've been to New York three times so far.至今我已到纽约去过三次。
has gone (to),has been (to),has been (in) 的区别
(1). have/ has been to 表示:曾经去过某地(已经回来了),常用于第三人称,可与once ,never,several times等连用(2). have/ has gone to 表示:去了某地(还没有回来)They have been to Shanghai twice.他们去过上海两次。(已经回来了)She has gone to Shanghai.她去了上海(还没有回来)
(3). have been in表示“在某地呆了多少时间”,常与时间段状语连用I have been in Shanghai for three years.我到上海已有三年了。He has been in London for half a month.他来伦敦已有半个月了。
(4). have been on 表示“已经开始了多久 表示持续性”The film has been on for ten minutes. 电影已经开始了10分钟了。
现在完成时误区提醒:(1)如单纯表示一段时间,或强调一段时间,虽有since一词,也不必用完成时。It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。
(2)终止性动词现在完成时的否定式,已变成一种可以延续的状态,因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来,我一直没有离开过这儿。
动词按其动作发生的方式,发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。
1. 延续性动词:表示能够延续的动作,也可以表示经验与经历.eg: learn, work, stand, lie, walk, sleep, keep, wait, watch, sing, read, stay, live…延续性动词可以与for 和 since 引导的时间状语连用:eg: He has lived here for 6 years.(他在这儿住了六年了,一直住在这儿,live是延续性动词,并且很有可能继续居住下去)I have known her since then.(自从那时起我就认识她了,一直都认识,know是延续性动词)