(4)except , besides

　　except 表示"从总体中排除一部分", 与bat 同义， besides 表示"除了一部分还有另一部分"

　　We all failed except him. 我们都失败了，但他没有。

　　He speaks German besides French.他懂法外还会讲英语。

　　(5)on ,about 关于

　　on 表示这本书、文章、演说是严肃的学术性的，供专门研究这一问题的人阅读;

　　about表示内容较为普通，不那么正式。

　　例句：There will be a lecture on economics this afternoon.

　　He is writing a book on cooking.

　　He told me a lot about his life in the summer vocation.

　　(6)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具

　　by 以……方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具;

　　with 表示用 …工具、手段，一般接具体的工具和手段;

　　in 表示用…方式，用…语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等;

　　例句：He makes a living by selling newspapers.

　　He broke the window with a stone.

　　The foreigner spoke to us in English.

　　(7)except, besides 除了

　　except 除……之外，不包括在内;

　　besides 除……之外，包括在内。

　　例句：Except Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(王先生没去)

　　Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)

　　(8)注意成对介词的用法：

　　get into (out of ) the car, get on (off) the bus, jump onto (off) the platform, out of

　　(9)介词和名词动词等有不少固定搭配和习惯用法：

　　to one's surprise / joy, in charge of , instead of, in bed (hospital), in trouble, in a hurry, in surprise, with a smile, with one voice, according to, at once, on time, in time, in all, at home, (school, work), at last, at least, in the end, by the way, for example, at the same time, at the same speed, on one's way (to), in the sun, on the football team, in line, with the help of, in red / green … put on, look for, look after, run after, send for, enter for, pay for, show…around, listen to, arrive in / at, get to, agree with, succeed in, think of (about), wait for,arrive at/in(到达…),on foot(步行),not…at all(根本不),to the north of(在…以北),in the east of(在…的东部),in the night(在夜间),at night(在晚上),be afraid of(害怕…),be full of(充满/ 装满….),be filled with(充满/ 装满….),be good/bad for(对…有益/有害),be made of(由…做成),be made from(由…制造),play with(玩耍……),look out of(朝…外面看),at the end of(在…末梢/结束时),by the end of(不迟于…/到…末为止),with the help of或with one's help(在…的帮助下),look after(照料…),look for(寻找…),on a bike(=by bike)骑车, help sb. with(帮某人做…),get on (well) with(与某人相处[融洽]),