4

　　过去进行时(过去时态+进行体)

　　Past Progressive (past tense + progressive aspect)

　　肯定句：主语+was/were+动词ing形式

　　I/He/She was having a shower when you called.

　　当你打电话给我时，他正在洗澡。

　　We/ You/ They were watching TV when Bob arrived.

　　鲍勃来的时候，我们/你们/他们正在看电视。

　　否定句：主语+wasn't/weren't+动词ing形式

　　I/ He/ She wasn’t having a shower when you called.

　　你打来电话时，她没在洗澡。

　　We/ You/ They weren't watching TV when Bob arrived.

　　鲍伯来的时候，我们/你们/他们没在看电视。

　　疑问句：疑问词+was/were+动词ing形式

　　What were you doing when Bob arrived?

　　当鲍勃来的时候，你在干什么?

　　What was she doing when you called?

　　当你打电话的时候，她在干什么?

　　适用场合：

　　Action in progress in the past:

　　表示过去正在进行的动作：

　　I was working in the garden when my sister arrived. I wasn’t working in the garden when my sister arrived. Was I working in the garden when my sister arrived?

　　我姐姐来的时候，我正在花园里工作。当我姐姐来的时候，我没在花园里工作。我姐姐来的时候，我正在花园工作吗?

　　5

　　现在完成时(现在时态+一般体)

　　Present Perfect Simple (present perfect tense + common aspect)

　　肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词

　　I/ You/ We/ They have finished the letter.

　　我/你们/我们/他们已经写完信了。

　　He/ She has finished the letter.

　　他/她写完了信。

　　否定：主语+haven't/hasn't+过去分词

　　I/ You/ We/ They haven’t finished the letter.

　　我/你/我们/他们还没写完这封信。

　　He/ She hasn’t finished the letter.

　　他/她还没写完这封信。

　　疑问句：have/has+主语+过去分词

　　Have I/ you/we/ they finished the letter?

　　我/你/我们/他们写完信了吗?

　　Has he/she finished the letter?

　　他/她写完信了吗?

　　适用场合：

　　Action with a result:

　　带有结果的行为：

　　You‘ve (already) printed the letters. You haven’t printed the letters (yet). Have you printed the letters (yet)?

　　你已经把信打印好了。你还没有打印这些信呢。你把信打印出来了吗?

　　We‘ve (already) done the rooms. We haven’t done the rooms yet. Have we done the rooms (yet)?

　　我们已经把房间整理好了。我们还没整理好房间呢。我们把房间整理好了吗?

　　He has already repaired the lawn-mower. He hasn’t repaired the lawn-mower yet. Has he repaired the lawn-mower yet?

　　他已经修好了割草机。他还没有修理割草机。他修好割草机了吗?

　　Action in incomplete time:

　　表示持续性的动作：

　　I‘ve been to the cinema a lot lately. I haven’t been to the cinema lately. Have I been to the cinema lately?

　　最近我经常去看电影。我最近没去看电影。我最近去看电影了吗?

　　You‘ve been on holiday this year. You haven’t been on holiday this year. Have you been on holiday this year?

　　你今年度假去了。你今年没去度假。今年你去度假了吗?

　　Action in the past without saying when:

　　过去某一时刻发生的动作：

　　You have already swum in this lake. You haven’t swum in this lake yet. Have you ever swum in this lake?

　　你已经在这个湖里游过泳了。你没有游过这湖。你在这个湖里游过泳吗?

　　You‘ve been to the hairdresser’s. You haven’t been to the hairdresser’s. Where have you been?

　　你去过理发店了。你还没去过理发店。你去哪儿了?

　　Action beginning in the past and still continuing:

　　表示过去某一时刻开始并一直持续的动作：

　　You‘ve worked here for two years. You haven’t worked here for two years. How long have you worked here?

　　你在这里工作两年了。你已经两年没在这里工作了。你在这里工作多久了?

　　6

　　现在完成进行时(现在完成时+进行体)

　　Present Perfect Progressive (present perfect tense + progressive aspect)

　　肯定句：主语+have/has been+动词ing形式

　　I/ you/ We/ They have been learning English for a year.

　　我/你/我们/他们学英语已经有一年了。

　　He/ She has been learning English for a year.

　　他/她学英语已经有一年了。

　　否定句：主语+haven’t/hasn’t been+动词ing形式

　　I/ You/ We/ They haven’t been playing tennis for a long time.

　　我/你/我们/他们很久没有打网球了。

　　He/ She hasn’t been playing tennis for a long time.

　　他/她很久没有打网球了。

　　疑问句：疑问词+have/has+主语+been 动词ing形式

　　How long have I/ you/ we/ they been learning English?

　　我/你/我们/他们学英语多长时间了?

　　How long has he/ she been learning English?

　　他/她学英语多长时间了?

　　适用场合：

　　Action beginning in the past and still continuing (with the progress emphasized):

　　从过去开始并仍在持续的行动(着重强调的仍在进行)：

　　He has been mowing the lawn all this morning. He hasn’t been mowing the lawn all this morning. How long has he been mowing the lawn?

　　整个上午他一直在修剪草坪。整个上午他都没有修剪草坪。他修剪草坪多长时间了?