在学习的时候，有没有觉得自己花了那么多时间，怎么只看了1页，只记住了5个单词??那是因为你的学习效率不够高!今天和大家说说，如何提高学习效率!

　　Being an expert at something really pays off. Just how good are top performers compared to everybody else?

　　成为某个领域的专家真的是件值得做的事情。不过，我们所说的专家和普通人比起来到底专多少呢?

　　Research shows in high complexity jobs like professional and sales roles, the top 10 percent produce 80 percent more than average and 700 percent more than the bottom 10 percent.

　　一组数据来告诉你，在调查了不同行业的专家到销售人员，位于该行业顶尖的10%贡献了80%的行业成果，是该行业底层10%贡献的7倍还多。

　　But as I'm sure you're aware, becoming the best ain't easy. As Bobby Knight once said, "Everybody has the will to win; few people have the will to prepare to win."

　　但你们也一定清楚，想要做到最好并不容易，就像Bobby Knight (著名篮球教练)所说：“每个都渴望成功，但只有少数人会为此做出准备。”

　　And one of the reasons why it's hard to become great is because a lot of what you've been told about how to learn, study, or train is wrong, wrong, and dead wrong.

　　阻碍你成功的不利因素很多，其中就有看似引导你成功的学习训练方法，实则带你误入歧途。

　　So it's time to learn how to get better at gettin' better. Whether you want to be a great public speaker, study for exams, or improve your free throws, we're going to learn what methods research and experts recommend for becoming an expert at anything.

　　该是学习正确方法的时候啦，不论你是想提升演讲水平，或是应试能力，亦或是更加准确的投球率，以下方法均可适用。

　　1. Predictor of expertise

　　先来测一测

　　I'm going to ask you one question. And this question will probably predict just how good you'll end up being at whatever it is you're passionate about.

　　问你个问题，来判断你感兴趣事情将会取得专业程度。

　　How long are you going to be doing this?

　　为了达到专业你能坚持多久?

　　Yeah, doing something for a long time probably correlates with being decent at it but that's not the point.

　　对，如果你擅长一件事，那么你更可能做得长，但这并不是重点。

　　Committing in advance to being in it for the long haul made all the difference. Even when practicing the same amount, those who made a long-term commitment did 400 percent better than the short-termers.

　　是否从一开始就做好长期从事的打算，才是问题的症结。即使练习时长完全相同，做了长期准备的人的表现也比那些只做短期准备的人好4倍。

　　From The Talent Code：With the same amount of practice, the long-term-commitment group outperformed the short-term-commitment group by 400 percent.

　　节选自《一万个小时》：练习同样的时间，长期目标小组的成绩4倍于短期小组。

　　The long-term-commitment group, with a mere twenty minutes of weekly practice, progressed faster than the short-termers who practiced for an hour and a half.

　　不仅如此，每周训练20分钟的长期目标小组比每周训练90分钟的短期目标小组的进步还要大。

　　When long-term commitment combined with high levels of practice, skills skyrocketed.

　　当长期目标小组配合高强度的训练，其成效如同坐上火箭，锐不可当。

　　2. Find a mentor

　　找一个导师

　　Luke had Yoda. The Karate Kid had Mr. Miyagi. I'm sure Kung Fu Panda had somebody but I never saw that movie.

　　就像星际大战中的卢克有绝地大师，龙威小子有宫城先生，功夫熊猫也有个师傅，虽然我没有看过电影。

　　You get the picture.

　　但是我想你明白了有个导师重要性。

　　When I spoke to Anders Ericsson, the professor who did the research behind the "10,000 hour rule" he said mentors were vital. But you knew that already.

　　曾为“一万个小时理论”作调研的Aders Ericsson, 说有个导师对于成功是非常重要的，这个你们肯定都知道。

　　So what does the research show about mentors that most people get wrong? Merely finding someone to help you that is already an expert doesn't cut it.

　　那么根据这份调查，为什么很多人选了倒是却还是没达到效果?原因是：单单找一个已专家来教你是没有用的。

　　When I spoke to Shane Snow, author of Smartcuts, he said your mentor needs to care about you.

　　我曾和《Smartcuts》的作者肖恩斯诺谈及此事，他说你的导师需要是一个关心你的人。

　　Here's Shane: In great mentorship relationships the mentor doesn't just care about the thing that you're learning, they care about how your life goes. They are with you for the long haul. They are willing to say, "No," and to tell you what you're doing is wrong.

　　Shane的观点是这样的：这个导师不能只关心你学的东西，他还得关心你的生活。这个人需要与你建立长期的关系。他们必须愿意对你说“不”，并告诉你你做的哪些事情是错的。

　　Those kinds of relationships yield outsized results in terms of future salaries and happiness.

　　这样的关系将在未来薪资以及幸福感方面带来显著提升。

　　3. Start with what's important

　　先学关键的内容

　　David Epstein put it simply: "The hallmark of expertise is figuring out what information is important."

　　David Epstein说得很简明：“看一个人是否专业，就要看他是不是知道哪些信息重要。”

　　There are many components to any skill but practicing them all doesn't produce the same results.

　　任何技能都由很多部分组成，但你把它们全都拿来练并不一定就总能达到同样的好效果。

　　When I spoke to Tim Ferriss, bestselling author of The 4-Hour Workweek he said: Do an 80-20 analysis and ask yourself, "Which 20 percent of these things I need to learn will get me 80 percent of the results that I want?"

　　畅销书《The 4-Hour Workweek》的作者Tim认为：你应该做个二八原则分析，问问你自己：“学哪20%的部分可以获得80%的知识?”

　　When Tim was learning chess from champion Josh Waitzkin (whose life was the basis for the film Searching for Bobby Fischer) they did things the opposite from how most chess instruction works.

　　他曾师从Josh Waitzkin(基本是电影“王者之旅”的现实版)学习国际象棋，而他们的训练方式和主流做法完全相反。

　　They didn't start with the beginning of a chess game. They jumped straight to key moves that are applicable to the majority of interactions on the board. This allowed Tim to hang with top players after only a few days of practice.

　　不同于先打基本功，而是在棋谱上学习足以招架大部分进攻的招式。短短几天Tim 就可以和高手对弈了。