零基础学英语:从属连词有哪些?及用法
2016-07-20 13:48
来源:沪江
作者:
从结构上说,英语连词分两大类:并列连词和从属连词。并列连词连接两个或两个以上地位平等的字、词组或分句。而从属连词,连接两个或两个以上的分句,以此来形成复杂句中的从属分句。其引导的句子与主句的地位不平等,处在从属的地位,因此称之为从属连词。
从属连词主要用来引导名词性从句和状语从句。名词性从句主要有:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句;而状语从句主要有时间、条件、目的、结果、原因、让步、方式、地点和比较状语从句。各种从句的连词主要如下表所示:
以上连词的用法主要如下:
1. 名词性从句:
(1)that, if 和whether:that表示肯定、确定之意;if 和whether译为“是否”,含有否定、不确定之意。
Whether he will come here is still unknown to us. 我们还不知道他来不来。
I doubt (whether) if the answer is right. 我怀疑这答案是否正确。
I don’t doubt that the answer is right. 我不怀疑这答案是正确的。
(2)if 和whether:引导宾语从句时,两者可互换;引导主语、同位语和表语从句时,只能用whether,不能用if。
宾从:He wanted to know whether (if) they could help him. 他想知道他们能否帮他。
主从:Whether you will come or not doesn’t matter. 你来不来都无所谓。
同从:They are discussing about the question whether it will rain tomorrow. 他们在讨论明天会不会下雨这个问题。
表从:The question is whether he will come here. 问题是他会不会来。
2. 状语从句:
(1)时间:We were about to leave when it began to rain. 就在我们要离开时,天开始下雨。
(2)地点:Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者,事竟成。
(3)条件:If it rains tomorrow, we will not go out. 明天若是下雨,我们就不出门了。
(4)目的:He read aloud in order to make everybody hear him. 为了让所有人都听见,他大声地朗读。
(5)结果:He was so careless that he made many mistakes in his work. 他太粗心了,以致于工作中出现了很多错误。
(6)原因:Because it is going to rain, the meeting is put off. 由于天要下雨,所以会议取消了。
(7)让步:Although he was young, he knew a lot. 尽管他年轻,他知道很多东西。
(8)方式:He behaves as if he were a child. 他的举止就像个孩子。
(9)比较:He runs more quickly than his sister does. 他比他妹妹跑得快。
(编辑:何莹莹)